How Citizens in Sanctioned Countries Access Crypto Exchanges

By Robert Stukes    On 17 Nov, 2025    Comments (12)

How Citizens in Sanctioned Countries Access Crypto Exchanges

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Why? USDT is controlled by Tether, which froze Iranian addresses in July 2025. DAI is decentralized and not controlled by any single entity, making it resilient against sanctions.

When governments cut off access to banks, SWIFT, and international payment systems, people don’t stop needing money. They find other ways. In countries under heavy sanctions-like Iran, Russia, North Korea, and Syria-crypto has become a lifeline. Not because it’s perfect, but because it’s one of the few tools left that still works.

Why crypto works when banks don’t

Traditional finance runs on centralized systems. If the U.S. Treasury says you can’t send money to Iran, banks obey. They freeze accounts, block transfers, and shut down relationships. But crypto? It runs on open networks. No central authority controls Bitcoin or Ethereum. You don’t need a bank account to hold it. You just need a phone, internet, and a wallet.

That’s why, even with OFAC sanctioning over 1,200 crypto wallet addresses as of 2025, people in sanctioned countries keep using it. Bitcoin makes up 65% of transactions tied to these regions. Ethereum is next at 18%. And stablecoins-especially USDT and DAI-are the bridge between the real economy and the blockchain.

How they get around exchange blocks

Most people assume you just sign up for Binance or Coinbase. That’s not how it works in sanctioned countries. Those platforms actively block users from Iran, Syria, and others. So users go elsewhere.

Some use decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like Uniswap or PancakeSwap. No KYC. No identity checks. Just connect your wallet and swap tokens. Others use peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms like LocalBitcoins or Paxful, where buyers and sellers trade directly. A Russian user might pay in rubles via a local bank transfer, and the seller sends Bitcoin to their wallet. No middleman. No bank involvement.

Then there are the shadow exchanges-platforms built specifically to bypass sanctions. Garantex, a Russian exchange, was shut down by U.S. and European authorities in March 2025. They seized $26 million in crypto and took down its website. Within weeks, its users moved to Grinex. Same interface. Same customer support. Same team. Just a new domain. This pattern repeats everywhere: when one exchange gets hit, another pops up.

The stablecoin shift: From USDT to DAI

Tether (USDT) was the go-to stablecoin for sanctioned users. It’s pegged to the U.S. dollar, easy to trade, and widely accepted. But in July 2025, Tether froze 42 Iranian-linked addresses after pressure from OFAC. Suddenly, billions in value were locked up.

Iranian users didn’t panic. They adapted. Within days, crypto influencers and local exchanges pushed a new strategy: swap USDT for DAI on the Polygon network. DAI is a decentralized stablecoin. It’s not controlled by a single company like Tether. It’s backed by crypto collateral and governed by smart contracts. And crucially, DAI’s creators haven’t frozen any sanctioned wallets.

This wasn’t luck. It was strategy. Users moved fast because they had to. TRM Labs reported an 11% drop in crypto inflows to Iran in early 2025-but that doesn’t mean activity stopped. It just changed form.

Two people trading crypto in a market, cash exchanged for digital wallet confirmation.

The role of tax laws and government policy

Governments aren’t just watching. They’re reacting.

In August 2025, Iran passed its first law taxing cryptocurrency profits. It’s not meant to stop crypto-it’s meant to control it. The government now treats crypto like gold or forex: a speculative asset you can trade, but you pay tax on gains. This move gave crypto a veneer of legitimacy while letting the state collect revenue.

Meanwhile, Russia quietly encourages crypto use. While Western banks cut ties, Russian firms use crypto to buy parts, software, and machinery from Turkey, Kazakhstan, and China. Crypto becomes a tool for survival-not rebellion.

How enforcement is evolving-and why it’s falling behind

OFAC didn’t start targeting crypto until 2018. Now, 23% of all new sanctions in 2024 were crypto-related. That’s up from 17% the year before. They’ve frozen DeFi protocols, cracked down on mixers like Tornado Cash, and even targeted Telegram-based exchanges like MKAN Coin.

But here’s the problem: enforcement moves slower than innovation.

When ShapeShift was fined $750,000 in 2025 for letting users from Cuba and Iran trade without checks, it wasn’t because they were evil. It was because they had no compliance system at all. That’s still true for many small exchanges. And even big ones can’t block every wallet address-there are millions of them.

The latest move? Sanctioning entire protocols. In January 2025, OFAC froze $150 million in assets on a DeFi lending platform. But users just moved to another one. The system is designed to be resilient. Shut one down, and five more pop up.

Global network of crypto nodes connecting sanctioned cities with glowing blockchain paths.

Where the money flows next

Sanctioned users aren’t just using crypto to survive. They’re using it to thrive.

Dubai is now a hub. With no capital gains tax and clear regulation through VARA, over 1,000 crypto firms operate there. Russian and Iranian traders use Dubai-based exchanges to convert crypto into fiat or buy luxury goods. Singapore offers the same: no taxes, strong security, and young adults who own crypto at a rate of 43%.

El Salvador’s Bitcoin law doesn’t directly help sanctioned users-but it proves one thing: a country can make crypto legal tender and survive. That gives others hope.

What this means for the future

The game isn’t about stopping crypto. It’s about managing it.

Enforcement agencies are spending more money, hiring more analysts, and building better tools. But users are smarter. They’re using decentralized tools, cross-border payment platforms like Exved, and private channels on Telegram to move value without leaving a trail.

The $6.9 billion in illicit crypto transactions tied to sanctioned entities over the last two years isn’t a failure of crypto. It’s a failure of centralized control.

Crypto doesn’t care about borders. It doesn’t recognize sanctions. It only responds to code, incentives, and access.

For citizens in sanctioned countries, crypto isn’t a political statement. It’s a utility. Like water. Like electricity. When everything else is cut off, they turn to what still works.

What’s next for users?

The next wave of tools will be even harder to stop:

  • Privacy coins like Monero and Zcash are becoming more accessible through DEXs.
  • Layer-2 solutions like Arbitrum and zkSync reduce fees and increase speed, making small trades easier.
  • Self-custody wallets with built-in obfuscation tools are being developed in exile communities.
  • AI-driven routing will soon suggest the best path to swap tokens while avoiding known blacklisted addresses.
The arms race isn’t slowing down. It’s accelerating. And the people on the ground? They’re not waiting for permission. They’re building their own systems-piece by piece, transaction by transaction.

Can you still use Binance or Coinbase in sanctioned countries?

Most major exchanges like Binance and Coinbase block users from sanctioned countries. They comply with OFAC rules to avoid fines. Some users try using VPNs, but exchanges are getting better at detecting them. If you’re in Iran, Russia, or Syria, you’ll likely need to use decentralized exchanges or peer-to-peer platforms instead.

Is Bitcoin truly anonymous in sanctioned countries?

No, Bitcoin is not anonymous. Every transaction is public on the blockchain. But it’s pseudonymous-you don’t need to give your name to send or receive it. That’s why users combine Bitcoin with mixers, privacy tools, and DEXs to obscure their trail. Still, if you link your wallet to an exchange that knows your identity, your activity can be traced.

Why do people use DAI instead of USDT now?

USDT is controlled by Tether, a company that has frozen wallets linked to sanctioned countries. DAI is decentralized-it’s governed by code, not a company. That means no single entity can freeze it. After Tether froze Iranian addresses in July 2025, users switched to DAI on Polygon because it stayed accessible. It’s not perfect, but it’s more reliable under pressure.

Do governments want to stop crypto completely?

No. They want to control it. Countries like Iran and Russia are taxing crypto profits and pushing it into regulated channels. The goal isn’t to ban it-it’s to capture revenue, track flows, and prevent it from being used for weapons or espionage. The U.S. and EU want to stop illicit use, but they can’t shut down a global, decentralized network without blocking everyone.

What happens if your crypto wallet gets frozen?

If a wallet is flagged and frozen, the funds inside are locked until the issue is resolved. But users rarely wait. They move quickly-swapping assets into new wallets, using different networks, or converting to privacy coins. Many keep multiple wallets: one for daily use, one as backup, and one for emergency swaps. It’s not about security-it’s about redundancy.

12 Comments

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    Bruce Murray

    November 19, 2025 AT 09:47

    It's wild how crypto just... works when everything else fails. No bank? No problem. No SWIFT? Still fine. People aren't asking for permission-they're building their own infrastructure. This isn't rebellion, it's survival.

    And honestly? The fact that DAI replaced USDT so fast says everything about how decentralized systems outlast centralized control. Tether froze wallets? Users just moved on. No drama. No panic. Just code.

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    Ninad Mulay

    November 19, 2025 AT 16:40

    As an Indian who’s watched this unfold from afar-this is the future of finance. Not Wall Street. Not the Fed. But a guy in Tehran with a phone, a wallet, and zero patience for bureaucracy.

    Remember when we thought crypto was for speculators? Nah. It’s for the guy who needs to pay his kid’s school fees while his bank account’s frozen. That’s real utility right there.

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    Mike Calwell

    November 21, 2025 AT 13:58

    so like... can u just use binance with a vpn? i tried once and it kept askin for id and i gave up lol

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    Ryan Hansen

    November 21, 2025 AT 23:16

    What’s interesting is how the enforcement side keeps treating this like a game of whack-a-mole. Freeze one exchange? Three pop up. Ban one stablecoin? People shift to another chain. Block one wallet? They just generate a new one with a different derivation path.

    It’s not that they’re tech geniuses-it’s that the system is designed to be resilient. Centralized systems break when you cut one wire. Decentralized ones? They reroute. Like water finding cracks in concrete.

    And the fact that Iran’s now taxing crypto profits? That’s not a crackdown-it’s an admission. They can’t stop it, so they’re trying to monetize it. Smart move, even if it’s cynical.

    Meanwhile, Russia’s quietly turning crypto into their off-the-books supply chain. No more Western parts? No problem. Just pay in BTC, get the chip from Kazakhstan, ship it through Turkey. No banks involved. No paperwork. Just blockchain.

    And the real kicker? The people using this aren’t hackers. They’re teachers, doctors, mechanics. People who just want to buy medicine or send money home. This isn’t a dark web fantasy-it’s Tuesday in Tehran.

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    nikhil .m445

    November 23, 2025 AT 06:10

    It is a well-established fact that the use of cryptocurrency in sanctioned nations is not a matter of technological advancement, but rather a reflection of systemic economic failure. The reliance on decentralized networks indicates a lack of institutional trust, which is a direct consequence of poor governance.

    Moreover, the notion that DAI is superior to USDT is fundamentally flawed. Tether, despite its centralized structure, maintains a higher liquidity pool and greater market acceptance globally. The shift to DAI is a reactionary behavior, not a strategic one.

    One must also consider the legal implications for service providers who facilitate such transactions. Compliance is not optional-it is a regulatory obligation that cannot be circumvented by technological workarounds.

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    Aryan Juned

    November 24, 2025 AT 09:39

    OMG I JUST REALIZED-DAI IS THE NEW BLACK 😭🔥

    USDT got frozen? Pfft. Iranians didn’t cry-they just swapped to DAI on Polygon like it was a TikTok trend. Meanwhile, the U.S. gov is still figuring out how to spell ‘blockchain’ 🤡

    Also, Garantex shut down and came back as Grinex? Bro that’s like Netflix rebranding after a subpoena. I’m lowkey impressed.

    Also also-why is everyone still using Bitcoin? Monero is the real MVP. Private. Untraceable. No questions asked. Just send. Done. 🚀

    PS: If you’re still using Binance in Iran you’re doing it wrong. Go DEX or GTFO.

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    Sean Pollock

    November 25, 2025 AT 18:00

    people act like crypto is magic but its just digital gold with extra steps and its not even that secure if you dont know what your doing

    also why is everyone acting like usdt freezing wallets is some big betrayal like the gov is the villain here? its a company not a god

    and dais just another crypto token with a fancy name and a whitepaper that sounds like a college essay

    and dont even get me started on monero-its just a way for criminals to hide money and we all know it

    stop romanticizing this its just chaos with better ui

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    Student Teacher

    November 27, 2025 AT 06:05

    This is one of the most important stories of our time and nobody’s talking about it like it should be.

    These aren’t crypto bros. These are mothers sending money to relatives. Students paying for online courses. Doctors buying medicine. This isn’t speculation-it’s sustenance.

    And the fact that governments are now trying to tax it instead of ban it? That’s the quietest revolution ever. They’re not winning. They’re adapting.

    Someone needs to make a documentary on this. Like, NOW.

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    Grace Craig

    November 27, 2025 AT 22:43

    The phenomenon under discussion constitutes a paradigmatic rupture in the traditional architecture of monetary sovereignty. The proliferation of decentralized stablecoins, particularly DAI, represents a de facto rejection of state-backed fiduciary systems.

    Furthermore, the strategic migration from USDT to DAI on the Polygon network evidences a sophisticated recalibration of risk exposure among economically marginalized actors, who have effectively weaponized algorithmic governance against coercive financial regulation.

    It is imperative that policy institutions recognize this not as evasion, but as emergent economic self-determination-a form of financial civil disobedience rendered legible through cryptographic primitives.

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    Darren Jones

    November 28, 2025 AT 12:07

    If you’re using crypto in a sanctioned country, here’s what you actually need: three wallets. One for daily small trades (Ethereum or Polygon), one backup on a different chain (like Solana or BSC), and one emergency wallet with just enough for a life-or-death transfer.

    Also, always use a non-custodial wallet-no exchanges. Trust no one. Even if the app says ‘secure,’ it’s still a gateway.

    And if you’re new to this-start with DAI on Polygon. Low fees, no freezes, and tons of guides in Farsi, Russian, Arabic. YouTube’s your best friend.

    Don’t panic when a wallet gets flagged. Just move. You’re not losing-it’s just a reboot.

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    Aayansh Singh

    November 29, 2025 AT 11:09

    Let’s be real-this whole crypto-in-sanctioned-countries thing is a scam. The real beneficiaries are not the people. They’re the oligarchs, the arms dealers, and the corrupt officials who launder money through ‘P2P trades.’

    And don’t buy the ‘it’s for medicine’ narrative. 90% of these transactions are for luxury goods, drones, and weapons. The rest? Just people trying to avoid taxes.

    DAI? More like Dumb AI. It’s not magic-it’s just another asset that will get frozen when regulators catch up.

    And yes, I’ve seen the reports. The ‘11% drop’? That’s not adoption. That’s panic. People are getting scared and moving to cash. You think they’re using crypto? They’re hiding it.

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    Jay Davies

    November 30, 2025 AT 01:11

    Interesting that the article mentions Dubai as a hub-but doesn’t note that the UAE has implemented strict AML/KYC for crypto firms. It’s not a free-for-all; it’s regulated offshore finance.

    Also, the claim that ‘crypto doesn’t care about borders’ is misleading. It absolutely does-wallets are tied to IPs, devices, and transaction patterns. Even Monero has choke points.

    And the idea that ‘five more pop up’ when one is shut down? That’s true-but each new platform has higher operational risk. Many are scams. Many get seized within months.

    It’s not a revolution. It’s a very expensive, very risky workaround.

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